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- CELLULAR TELEPHONE ESN EMULATION
- --------------------------------
-
-
- The term "Emulation" is used to describe the process of making two, or
- more, phones look alike to the cellular system. A basic understanding of
- the terms NAM and ESN is required before proceeding.
-
- NAM or "Number Allocation Module" is the term used to describe a cellular
- telephone's dealer programmable system parameters. These parameters
- include the users telephone number and other settings required to identify
- the phone to the cellular system. Older phones use an PROM chip that has
- to be programed or "burnt" using an PROM programmer. On all newer phones
- the NAM information can be re-programed at will from the handset be anyone
- possessing the relevant programing instructions, and in some cases a
- programming or "password" adaptor.
-
- ESN or "Electronic Serial Number" is the term used to describe a cellular
- telephones "un-alterable" fingerprint and is programed into the phone by
- the manufacturer. The ESN is commonly expressed as an eleven digit decimal,
- or eight digit hex number. The decimal format includes a three digit
- manufacturers identification and an eight digit unique serial number, the
- hex format includes a two digit manufacturers identification and a six digit
- unique serial number.
-
- When combined the NAM and ESN provide the cellular carriers a way of
- identifying the phone and determining whether to allow the phone to place a
- call. Whenever the phone is used it transmits this information to the
- cellular switch where it is compared to a data base of current subscribers.
- If the system recognizes the phone as being an out of area, or "roaming",
- subscriber a check is made with the home system. This check is either made
- during the first call, or more commonly these days before the first call
- is completed.
-
-
- CELLULAR FRAUD
- --------------
-
- In the past it was often possible for hackers to change the ESN and NAM
- information and make one call before the system locked the unit out.
- The NAM and ESN information would be changed and another call could be
- completed. This is known as ESN "Tumbling" and over the last few years
- the Cellular Carriers have lost millions of dollars to this scam. It
- has been estimated that at the height of tumbling in New York City up to
- 30% of calls placed were fraudulent.
-
- To change the ESN the hacker would generally remove the phone's ESN chip
- and install a socket to take an easily reprogramable EPROM chip, the ESN
- could then be reprogramed at will. More recently people have reverse
- engineered certain manufacturer's software to allow simple reprograming
- using a lap top computer connected to the phone's data port.
-
- The Cellular industry has reacted to this in various ways. Initially the
- simple way to prevent tumbling was to ban all roaming customers from direct
- dialing, legitimate callers had to pre-register using a credit card to
- guarantee payment. Newer advanced software allows pre-screening of
- callers information and has now all but eliminated tumbling. In most
- service areas the ESN and NAM information is checked on power up or as soon
- as the SEND button is pressed, prior to allowing the completion of the call.
-
- The Cellular hackers have now turned to other ways of making fraudulent
- calls. The most common of these is to obtain a legitimate subscriber's
- telephone number and ESN and re-program a phone with this information,
- therefore making an exact clone able to make (and receive) phone calls.
- This method allows anything from a few days to a full month of "free"
- calls, and can go on indefinitely if the cloned number is a corporate
- account as executive's phone bills are rarely questioned.
-
-
- LEGAL EMULATION
- ---------------
-
- The above illegal cloning of subscriber's cellular telephones and the
- reverse engineering of manufacturer's software has been adapted by a number
- of legitimate companies. It is now possible to have more than one phone
- per cellular telephone number. Several companies are now offering legal
- cloning or emulation where for a fee of around $200-$300 they will program
- your second phone with the ESN of your currently active phone.
-
- To avoid fraud these companies often ask for a copy of a current cellular
- telephone bill showing the mobile number and subscribers name. This is
- then compared with picture ID to insure that the customer is a legitimate
- bill paying subscriber.
-
- Once a phone has been emulated the following should be noted:
-
- 1. If an attempt is made to use both phones at the same time and in the
- same system one of the following will occur:
-
- OUTGOING CALLS - First call will complete as normal, second phone will
- get a fast busy, system deny recording, or call will drop.
-
- INCOMING CALLS - Both phones may ring and call can be answered but might
- immediately drop. Strongest signal may ring and call can be answered.
- Neither phone will ring.
-
- 2. If one phone is in the home market and one is roaming both phones
- should work and it should be possible to call your own number. This
- depends on the roaming agreement between the two systems. In systems with
- "Automatic Roaming" or "Super Access" agreements it may be necessary to
- turn off the auto call forwarding to avoid problems, dial * O F F SEND in
- many locations.
-
- 3. If both phones are roaming in DIFFERENT systems do NOT attempt to have
- both phones turned on at the same time as your home system will probably
- generate a roam fraud message and CUT THE PHONE OFF!
-
- 4. If the secondary (cloned) phone is stolen call the carrier and have
- the mobile number changed, re-program the primary phone with the new
- number. Do not report the phone stolen as the ESN will be locked out and
- neither phone will work. If you know the secondary phone's ORIGINAL ESN
- report this as stolen and tell the carrier that the phone was not active.
-
- Nine times out of ten if the thief tries to activate the phone the hardware
- serial number (assumed to be the correct ESN) will be checked on the deny
- list and service will be denied. If the original ESN has not been reported
- stolen and the phone is activated using the hardware serial number the
- phone won't work as the ESN is incorrect!
-
- If the "correct" emulated ESN is read from the phone service will probably
- be denied if the thief tries to activate the phone on the same home system
- as the primary phone. This is because many systems do not allow two
- numbers on one ESN. The thief could activate service on an alternate
- system.
-
- You could prevent the emulated phone from working by having the ESN in the
- primary phone emulated to another phone, you can then report the phone's
- ESN as stolen. This is not recommended as using a phone with a stolen ESN
- would cause problems if you ever need to use the original ESN. Remember
- that legitimate emulation does not remove the original ESN, it simply adds
- some code to make the phone appear to have a different ESN.
-
- 5. If the primary phone is stolen you can report the theft, then have the
- secondary phone's ESN changed back to it's original or re programed to
- match another phone. This will usually be done for a nominal charge.
-
- As of April 1993 California Grapevine Communications offers ESN emulation for
- the following phones (call for latest list):
-
- AUDIOVOX: - 832, 832A, 1000, 4200A
- BC - 40, 45, 55, 55A, 65A, 410.
- CMT - 300A, 400, 405, 410A, 420, 450, 550, 600, 605, 750, 1700.
- CTR - 420A, 1900, 2000,
- CTX - 1500, 2500, 3100A, 3200A, 4000, 4100A
- PRT - 200
- SP - 85, 85A, 95,
- TRANS - 420
-
-
- NEC: 3700, 3800, 4000
- M3800, M4500, M4600, M4700, M4800
- P200, P300, P301
- P9000, P9100
-
- NOVATEL: 8300, 8301, 8305, 8305A, 8320, 8320A
- PTR825
-
- PANASONIC: EB2500, EB2501 (TP500, 501)
-
- PIONEER: SEE MOTOROLA
-
- MOTOROLA: ALL MOBILES, TRANSPORTABLES AND BAG PHONES.
- ALL FLIPS, 8000 SERIES AND ULTRA CLASSICS PRIOR TO VERSION 9121.
- NO MICROTAC LITE'S (YET)
-
- TECHNOPHONE: MC905, MC905MKII/985/995
-
- THE FOLLOWING MUST BE EMULATED TO SAME BRAND:
-
- SHINTOM, UNIDEN, GE
-
- The price for Emulation is $199.00 (mention this software) plus shipping.
- Proof of ID, valid Cellular account and social security number are required.
- Please call or write for further information.
-
- 25082 LUNA BONITA DRIVE, LAGUNA HILLS, CA, 92653
- TEL: (714)643-8426 FAX: (714)643-8379
-
- COPYRIGHT 1993 CALIFORNIA GRAPEVINE COMMUNICATIONS
-